Marshall, 1927
Original Description: Anodontites guanarensis Marshall, W.B. 1927. A new genus and two new species of South American fresh-water mussels. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 71(6):1-4 + 2 plates.
Type Locality: Dried lagoon, at Mata Verde, near Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela. Collected by H. Pittier, 28 December 1925.
Holotype: USNM 365225.
Paratype: USNM 365226 (1).
Synonymy:
- Anodontites guanarensis Marshall, 1927
- Baker, 1930:68.
Anodontites (Anodontities) trigonus trigonus(Spix, 1827) (in part)
- Haas 1966:560.
Description: “Shell rather thin, somewhat compressed, outline nearly oval, rounded and narrower in front, bluntly pointed and subtruncate at the rear. The dorsal line is nearly straight and makes an obtuse angle with the posterior margin. Ventral line curved, slightly swollen just behind the middle, regularly rounding into the anterior margin, which in turn rounds into the dorsal margin. The ventral and dorsal margins form a blunt point just below the middle of the posterior margin. Posterior ridge low and regularly rounded, but emphasized by a broad fuscus stripe radiating from the beak; the posterior area has two similar but narrower fuscous rays. Anterior to the posterior ridge, the periostracum is smoothish but with indistinct radiating striae. The anterior half of the shell is polished and has a number of radiating lines of ruffings. Posterior portion plentifully covered with low periostracal laminae. Microscopic sculpture of fine radinating straie commonly found in shells of the Mutelidae. Color ashy to brownish olive, the concentric growth lines darker; interior bluish white, highly iridescent around the margin, and with iridescent radiating fine lines. Prismatic edging is rather broad, and the pallial line is about 5.6 millimeters from the margin.
The type, Cat. No. 365225, USNM. Measures: Length 54 mm.; height, 30 mm.; diameter, 16 mm. It and a paratype, Cat. No. 365226, USNM, were presented by Henry Pittier, Ph.D., who collected them in a dried lagoon at Mata Verde, near Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela, on December 28, 1925. This locality is in the northwestern part of Venezuela and is drained by the River Portuguesa, which, like almost all streams in Venezuela, is part of the Orinoco system.
This species is related to several other species but seems to stand in a section by itself. The slight swelling on the ventral margin indicates some relationship to the shells of group A. trigonus Spix, while the radiating ruffings show a resemblance to those of A. tortilis Lea and others of that group. (Marshall, 1927:3-4).
Range: RANGE
Comments: This species may be synonymous with A. leotaudi from Trinidad.
Specimens Examined: INHS 13533 (?). Caño Salina, ~10 kn W Gusadualito, Apure, Venezuela. 6 January 1992. L.M. Page, B.M. Burr, et al. INHS 14810 (9). Caño Masparito, 1 km NW Libertad, Barinas, Venezuela. 14 January 1993. K.S. Cummings & C.A. Mayer. INHS 14897 (36). trib. Rio Caipe, 6 km NE Torunos, at pipeline, Barinas, Venezuela. 3 January 1993. K.S. Cummings & C.A. Mayer. INHS 14906 (3). Caño Hondo, Agua Negra, Barinas, Venezuela. 14 January 1993. K.S. Cummings & C.A. Mayer. INHS 14868 (3). Caño el Sardinero, 14 km SE Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela. 1 January 1993. K.S. Cummings & C.A. Mayer. INHS 14948 (2). Caño El Sardinero, 14 km SE Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela. 2 January 1994. K.S. Cummings & C.A. Mayer. INHS 14915 (2). trib. Caño Maraca, 4 km N Guanarito, Portuguesa, Venezuela. 17 January 1993. L.M. Page. INHS 11427 (8). caño, 6 km from crossing in Morrones, SW of Guanarito, Portuguesa, Venezuela. 19 January 1986. K.S. Cummings, D.A. Carney & D.C. Taphorn. INHS 15937 (1). Caño Manzanare, between Puerto Animas & San Nicholas, Portuguesa, Venezuela. 1 January 1994. K.S. Cummings & C.A. Mayer. INHS 14958 (73). Caño Cumarepo, ca. 4 km N Guanarito on rd. from Guanare to Guanarito, Portuguesa, Venezuela. 3 January 1994. K.S. Cummings. INHS 14928 (3). Caño Igues, La Capilla, Portuguesa, Venezuela. 3 January 1994. K.S. Cummings & G.B. Mottesi. INHS 13534 (6). Caño Maraca, on rd. from Guanare to Guanarito at 60 km marker, Portuguesa, Venezuela. 13 January 1992. L.M. Page, B.M. Burr, P.A. Ceas, L.G. Nico, C.A. Taylor, S. Walsh & K.O. Winemiller. INHS 14935 (1). Caño Maraca, on rd. from Guanare to Guanarito at 60 km marker, Portuguesa, Venezuela. 30 December 1993. K.S. Cummings & C.A. Mayer.
Literature Cited
Adams H, Adams A. 1858. The genera of recent Mollusca, arranged according to their organization. 3 vols. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4772.
Baker HB. 1930. The Mollusca collected by the University of Michigan-Williamson Expedition in Venezuela. VI. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. No. 210. 1-81 + 7 plates.
Bruguiere JG. 1792. Choix de memoires sur divers objets ‘histoire naturelle formant las collections du Journal d’Histoire Naturelle, I, p. 131.
D’Orbigny A. 1835. Synopsis terrestrium et fluviatilium molluscorum, In suo per Americam meridionalem itinere, ab. A. d’Orbigny, collectorum. Magasin de Zoologie. 6(61/62):1-44.
Dunker W. 1858. Einige neue species der Naiaden. Mal Blatt. ?:225-229.
Ernst A. 1876. Enumeracion sistematica de las especies de moluscos terrestres y de aqua dulce, halladas hasta ahora en los alrededores de Caracas y demas partes de la republica. pp. 225-230 in Estudois sobre la flora and fauna de Venezuela.
Gray JE. 1847. A list of the genera of recent Mollusca, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London XV:129-214.
Haas F. 1931. Versuch einer kritischen sichtung der Südamerikanischen Najaden. Senckenbergiana 30(2):87.
Haas F. 1966. Superfamilia Unionacea. Das Tierreich (Berlin). 88:x + 663 pp. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111721569.
Johnson RI. 1979. The types of Unionacea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Museum of Zoology, the University of Michigan. Malacological Review 12(1-2):29-36.
Lamarck JB. 1819. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres. ?? pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12712.
Lea I. 1870. Synopsis of the Family Unionidae. 4th Edition, very greatly enlarged and improved. Henry C. Lea, Philadelphia. 184 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46363.
Lea I. 1871. Description of three new species of exotic Unionidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1871:188.
Lea I. 1874a. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Vol. VIII. ?? pp.
Lea I. 1874b. Observations on the genus Unio. XIII. ?? pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11214.
Marshall WB. 1922. New pearly fresh water mussels from South America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 61(16):1-9 + 3 plates. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.61-2437.1.
Marshall WB. 1926. New land and fresh-water mollusks from Central and South America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 69(12):1-12 + 3 plates. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.69-2638.1.
Marshall WB. 1927. A new genus and two new species of South American fresh-water mussels. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 71(6):1-4 + 2 plates. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.71-2678.1.
Marshall WB. 1930. Type of Anodontites Bruguière. Nautilus 43(4)128-130.
Marshall WB. 1931. Ruganodontites, a new subgenus of South American pearly, fresh-water mussels. Nautilus 45(1):16-20.
Gronovius LT. 1781. Zoophylacium Gronovianum, etc. p. 260. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.115893.
Modell H. 1942. Das naturliche system der Najaden. Arch. fur Mollusk. 74:161-191.
Morrison JPE. 1943. Two new Orinoco unionids, with notes on Unio granadensis Lea and U. patulus Lea. Nautilus. 57(1):14-16 + 2 plates.
Olsson AA, Wurtz CB. 1951. New Columbian naiades, with observations on other species. Notulae Nature 239:1-9.
Parodiz JJ, Bonnetto AA. 1962. Taxonomy and zoogeographic relationships of the South American Naiades (Pelecypoda: Unionacea and Mutelacea). Malacologia 1(2):179-213.
Pilsbry HA, Olsson AA. 1944. A Venezuelan species of Fossula. Nautilus. 57(3):89, plate 10.
Rochebrune AT. de. 1881. Sur Quelques especes du Haut-Senegal. Bull. Soc. Pilom. 33-35.
Schumacher FC. 1817. Essai d’un nouveau système des habitations des vers Testaces. Copenhagen 1-287 + 22 plates. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.35863.
Simpson CT. 1900. Synopsis of the naiades, or pearly fresh-water mussels. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 22(1205):501-1044. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.22-1205.501.
Simpson CT. 1914. A descriptive catalogue of the naiades, or pearly fresh-water mussels. Parts I-II. Bryant Walker, Detroit, Michigan. xii + 1540 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10910.
Sowerby GB. 1869. Mongraph of the genus Mycetopus. in L. Reeve and G.B. Sowerby (eds.) Conchologica Iconica., 20 vols., 2,727 colored plates. Completed by Sowerby. Unios in XVI, Anodontas in XVII. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8129.
Spix JB, Wagner JA. 1827. Testacea fluviatilia quae in itinere per Brasiliam collegit. Leipzig. pp. 1-36. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.59807.
Swainson W. 1840. A treatise on Malacology. London. ?? pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8027.
von Martens E. 1873. Die Binnenmollusken Venezuelas, etc. Festschrift Gesell. Nat Freunde. pp. 157-225 + 2 plates. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10052.
von Martens E. 1900. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia, Mollusca. ?? pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.730.